The Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution of Periodical Cicadas
نویسنده
چکیده
Periodical cicada nymphs feed underground on root xylem fluids for precisely 13 or 17 years before emerging at any given locality synchronously and in tremendous numbers. Populations throughout the eastern United States are grouped into variously sized, geographically contiguous broods, which are reproductively isolated from each other. Six distinct species represent the 13and 17-year life cycle forms of three morphologically and behaviorally distinct periodical cicadas. Recent work supports and modifies previous hypotheses concerning periodical cicada intraand interspecific interactions, movement patterns, juvenile development rates, life-cycle switching, the evolution of periodicity, and the origination of broods and species. Major ecological interactions of perio~lical cicadas include infection by a host-specific fungal pathogen, ’satiation of predators, and damage to hostplants. Central to the evolution of periodical cicadas are four-year accelerations in development that sometimes result in switching between 13and 17-year life cycles.
منابع مشابه
Avian predators are less abundant during periodical cicada emergences, but why?
Despite a substantial resource pulse, numerous avian insectivores known to depredate periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) are detected less commonly during emergence years than in either the previous or following years. We used data on periodical cicada calls collected by volunteers conducting North American Breeding Bird Surveys within the range of cicada Brood X to test three hypotheses for t...
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Periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) in the USA are famous for their unique prime-numbered life cycles of 13 and 17 years and their nearly perfectly synchronized mass emergences. Because almost all known species of cicada are non-periodical, periodicity is assumed to be a derived state. A leading hypothesis for the evolution of periodicity in Magicicada implicates the decline in average tempera...
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